Buying a call option gives you the right (but not the obligation) to purchase 100 shares of a company’s stock at a certain price (called the strike price) from the date you buy the call until the third Friday of a specific month (called the expiration date).
People buy calls because they hope the stock will go up, and they will make a profit, either by selling the calls at a higher price, or by exercising their option (i.e., buying the shares at the strike price when the market price is higher).
Call options are quoted in dollar terms (e.g., $3.50), but they actually cost 100 times the quoted amount (e.g., $350), plus an average of $1.50 commission (charged by my discount broker — commissions charged by other brokers may differ).
Since most stock markets go up over time, and most people invest in stock because they hope prices will rise, there is more interest and activity in call options than there is in put options.
Real World Example of Call Options
Here are some call option prices for a hypothetical XYZ company on November 1, 2010 (price of stock: $45.00):
Expiration Date
Strike Price
Nov ’10
Dec ’10
Jan ’12
Terminology of Option (price of call option)
40
$5.50
$7.00
$18.50
“in-the-money” (strike price is less than stock price)
45
$2.00
$4.00
$16.00
“at-the-money” (strike price is equal to stock price)
50
$0.50
$1.00
$14.00
“out-of-the-money” (strike price is greater than stock price)
The premium is the price a call option buyer pays for the right to be able to buy 100 shares of a stock without actually having to shell out the money the stock would cost. The greater the time period of the option, the greater the premium.
The premium (same as the price) of an in-the-money call is composed of the intrinsic value and the time premium. (I understand that this is confusing. For in-the-money options, the option price, or premium, has a component part that is called the time premium). The intrinsic value is the difference between the stock price and the strike price. Any additional value in the option price is called the time premium. In the above example, the Dec ‘10 40 call is trading at $7.00. The intrinsic value is $5 ($45 stock price less 40 strike price), and the time premium is $2.
TERRY’S TIPS STOCK OPTIONS TRADING BLOG
October 31, 2023
October 31, 2023
Dear [[firstname]],
Happy Halloween!
I haven’t written in a couple of weeks since credits weren’t close enough to my target entry prices when I initially sent the trades to my subscribers. However, the credit for last week’s trade on Charles Schwab (SCHW) has come back and now exceeds my initial target.
So, I figured why not send it now since I still like the setup. I’m not changing the initial write-up that I sent to my Saturday Report subscribers on October 21, so it may sound a bit outdated. But the trade is still a good play.
Moreover, this week’s trade credit is a little above my entry level, so it’s good to go as well. So, you’re getting a first this week – two trades. Both bearish call credit spreads on stocks after they reported earnings.
Before I get to the trades, I want to let you know that our Terry’s Tips portfolios have caught fire in the past couple of weeks. We’re up 7% for the past two weeks while the S&P 500 fell nearly 5%. Our recent surge has pushed our overall return to more than triple that of the S&P this year.
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I look forward to having you join in the fun and profits! Now on to the trades, starting with the previous week’s trade …
Avast Ye Schwabs
Two call spreads in Estee Lauder (EL) and the SPDR Healthcare ETF (XLV) expired worthless yesterday for gains of 25% apiece. To be fair, our bullish spread on Lululemon Athletica (LULU) expired in the money a week earlier for a larger loss. But the LULU misstep interrupted a string of seven straight winners. A large part of this success has been due to taking a more bearish stance toward the market. In fact, today’s trade marks the fifth straight bearish call spread and eighth of the past 11. And with good reason, as our only losses of the past two months have been bullish positions. We’re on a solid roll. I hope you’re banking some winners.
With earnings season hitting full stride this week, there’s no end to the trade possibilities. Of course, there were the spotlight names, such as Tesla (TSLA) and Netflix (NFLX), whose large post-earnings moves grabbed headlines. But I prefer stocks that have smaller, off-the-radar moves that have a lower likelihood of reversing. One such stock is Charles Schwab (SCHW), which is no stranger to these pages (you may recall I had a few issues with the TD transition in September).
SCHW reported before the open on Monday, so we had a whole week’s worth of post-earnings price action to digest. The numbers were mixed, with net income coming in slightly ahead of expectations while revenue fell a bit short. However, both numbers fell far short of last year’s figures. I won’t bore you by parsing through all the individual data points (bank deposits, net interest revenue, TD migration, new brokerage accounts, etc.). Analysts seem to feel that SCHW still faces several short-term hurdles that have buffeted it all year, though the longer-term prospects are encouraging.
Speaking of analysts, their reaction was much like SCHW’s earnings … mixed. There were no ratings changes while target price changes went both ways. But analysts are clearly bullish on SCHW, giving it a solid buy rating on average. The average target price is near $70, which is around 35% above Friday’s close. This fits into the struggle now, prosper later narrative I mentioned above. But since we’re looking ahead only a few weeks, the bearish case makes more sense.
On the chart, the stock reacted positively to earnings, popping 6% in Monday’s trading before settling for a 4.7% gain. But that was the high close of the week, as the shares tumbled more than 5% after Monday. It’s notable that the 20-day moving average provided staunch resistance throughout the week, containing the initial Monday burst and then sending the stock lower through the week’s end. The 20-day has done a solid job keeping the current decline intact since it rolled over in May. I’ll also note that the stock enjoyed a massive 12.6% spike after its previous earnings report in July, only to give it all back during the subsequent month.
If you agree that the stock will continue its downtrend based on the resistance from its 20-day moving average, consider the following credit spread trade that relies on SCHW staying below $53 through expiration in 6 weeks:
Buy to Open the SCHW 1 Dec 56 call (SCHW231201C56) Sell to Open the SCHW 1 Dec 53 call (SCHW231201C53) for a credit of $0.75 (selling a vertical)
This credit is $0.09 less than the mid-point price of the spread at Friday’s $50.87 close. Note that I’m giving a little extra room on the entry credit. Unless SCHW falls sharply at the open on Monday, you should be able to get close to that price.
The commission on this trade should be no more than $1.30 per spread. Each spread would then yield $73.70. This trade reduces your buying power by $300, making your net investment $226.30 per spread ($300 – $73.70). If SCHW closes below $53 on Dec. 1, the options will expire worthless and your return on the spread would be 33% ($73.70/$226.30).
Here’s this week’s trade …
Low Voltage
We had another spread expire worthless on Friday, but it made us sweat. Adobe (ADBE) was looking great, which was saying something as our only open bullish position. It hit an annual high on Oct. 12, putting the short put nearly 15% out of the money. Then the falling market tide grabbed the stock and pulled it down to within eight points of the short strike at Friday’s close. Another day and it might have moved into the money. But it didn’t and we bagged a gain of over 30% for our eighth winner of the past nine closeouts. That leaves us with five open positions, all bearish call spreads.
I’d love to add a put spread this week, but I can’t make a case for fighting the bearish tape. Maybe next week. For this week, I had way too many earnings plays to choose from, as this was the busiest week of the season. Frankly, I stopped looking after an hour, realizing that I could have spent all day analyzing dozens and dozens of top names.
I settled on General Electric (GE), which may seem like an odd choice given that it had a blowout report and had its best post-earnings day in years. The company easily beat earnings and revenue estimates and raised earnings and revenue growth guidance for 2023. The stock responded with a 6.5% pop on Tuesday, its largest gain after earnings since Jan. 2020. What’s not to like, right?
Well, analysts didn’t seem overly excited. In fact, only two weighed in with target price increases of $1 and $2. That’s it. The average target sits near $126, which is around 19% above Friday’s close. I’ll also point out the last time GE saw $126 was six years ago. There were no ratings changes, which were already heavily slanted toward the buy level. This does not seem like a hearty endorsement of a stock that just had as good an earnings report as you’ll see.
While the shares enjoyed a big gain on Tuesday, the rest of the week didn’t go well. In fact, the stock closed out the week below the pre-earnings close. The dual resistance of the 20-day and 50-day moving averages were in play, as the stock closed the week below both. These trendlines have rolled over into declines, a bad sign given that the stock doesn’t stray far from either. Another factor to note: GE had a big pop of more than 6% after the previous earnings release, but the stock drifted lower after that first day and has never closed a day higher since.
It seems that the earnings effect lasted all of one day and the stock has resumed its downtrend that’s been in place for six weeks. This trade is a bet that the trend will continue, especially in light of the broader market’s weakness. Note that the short call strike sits above Tuesday’s close and the mid-October peak.
If you agree that the stock will continue its downtrend based on the resistance from its 20-day (blue line) and 50-day (red line) moving averages, consider the following credit spread trade that relies on GE staying below $114 (green line) through expiration in 6 weeks:
Buy to Open the GE 8 Dec 116 call (GE231208C116) Sell to Open the GE 8 Dec 114 call (GE231208C114) for a credit of $0.40 (selling a vertical)
This credit is $0.05 less than the mid-point price of the spread at Friday’s $106.35 close. Note that I’m giving a little extra room on the entry credit. Unless GE falls sharply at the open on Monday, you should be able to get close to that price.
The commission on this trade should be no more than $1.30 per spread. Each spread would then yield $38.70. This trade reduces your buying power by $200, making your net investment $161.30 per spread ($200 – $38.70). If GE closes below $114 on Dec. 8, the options will expire worthless and your return on the spread would be 24% ($38.70/$161.30).
Good luck with these trades,
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Any questions? Email Jon@terrystips.com. Thank you again for being a part of the Terry’s Tips newsletter.
With earnings reports virtually dried up this week and wanting to stay on the bearish side, I had to go back a few weeks to find reports that failed to impress the Street. One name that popped up was a stock that we successfully played (28% profit) for a bullish winner back in March – Darden Restaurants (DRI), the sit-down restaurant chain conglomerate that includes Olive Garden, LongHorn Steakhouse, Capital Grille, and the recently acquired Ruth’s Chris Steak House.
DRI reported earnings a couple of weeks ago. The numbers were solid, as the company beat estimates on both the top and bottom lines. Same-restaurant sales also handily beat expectations. Moreover, sales and profits were higher than a year earlier. The only negatives were slowing growth in its fine-dining holdings and some concern over its aggressive expansion plans amid a potential recessionary environment.
Analysts seemed unmoved by the seemingly positive news. The report was met with a mix of target price upgrades and more numerous downgrades. This left the average target in the $160-170 range, well above Friday’s $137 close. With no ratings changes, analysts remain firmly in the buy/outperform camp.
Perhaps analysts should take closer note of DRI’s stock chart and post-earnings performance. After hitting an all-time high in late July, the stock is down 21% and logged its lowest close in nearly a year on Friday. I’ll point out that the S&P 500 is down just 5% over the same time frame. This slump has been perfectly guided by the 20-day moving average, a trendline the stock hasn’t closed above in more than two months. Also, for technical wonks, the 50-day moving average is crossing below the 200-day moving average, also known as the “death cross.”
This bearish trade is based on the stock’s continued slump even after the good earnings results. With analysts perhaps too optimistic, it’s reasonable to expect some target price reductions, if not some ratings downgrades that could further pressure the share price.
Finally, the 20-day resistance is hard to ignore, which is why we’re playing a call spread with the short call strike sitting just above this trendline. Note that this trade has a smaller return than most because I wanted the short strike to be above the 20-day. Thus, we have a larger cushion of safety and greater probability of profit.
If you agree that the stock will continue its downtrend based on the resistance from its 20-day moving average (blue line), consider the following credit spread trade that relies on DRI staying below $145 (red line) through expiration in 6 weeks:
Buy to Open the DRI 17 Nov 150 call (DRI231117C150) Sell to Open the DRI 17 Nov 145 call (DRI231117C145) for a credit of $0.85 (selling a vertical)
This credit is $0.02 less than the mid-point price of the spread at Friday’s $136.94 close. Unless DRI falls sharply at the open on Monday, you should be able to get close to that price.
The commission on this trade should be no more than $1.30 per spread. Each spread would then yield $83.70. This trade reduces your buying power by $500, making your net investment $416.30 per spread ($500 – $83.70). If DRI closes below $145 on Nov. 17, the options will expire worthless and your return on the spread would be 20% ($83.70/$416.30).
Happy trading,
Jon L
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There were a few interesting earnings announcements this week, even though we’re in the quiet period for earnings reports (things start to ramp up again in three weeks). In fact, I had three bearish plays to choose from. That’s a good thing since we currently have three bullish and three bearish trades open, and I feel like the bears need a little more weight after the past week’s Fed-infected price action.
The trade this week is on prepared-food giant General Mills (GIS), which owns several iconic cereal brands along with such names as Betty Crocker, Blue Buffalo, Pillsbury, Progresso, Green Giant and Yoplait. GIS reported earnings numbers on Wednesday before the open that were filled with a lot of “buts.” Sales increased 4% due to higher prices, but volume was lower. Net income beat the consensus expectation but fell 18% from a year ago. GIS executives are bullish on their pet food segment but sales for the quarter were flat. Moreover, some analysts feel that consumers are reaching their limit on rising food costs. And GIS’s CFO said that the company’s operating profit margin will not improve this year.
All in all, it was not a great report, which is perhaps why the stock was hit with a few price target cuts. At least there were no ratings downgrades. Analysts on the whole are neutral toward the stock, while the average target price is in the $70-75 range compared to Friday’s close near $65.
Perhaps analysts would be a bit more skeptical if they took a quick glance at GIS’s chart, which shows the stock plunging 30% in the past four months. This descent has been expertly guided by the 20-day moving average, a trendline the stock has closed above just four times since mid-May. This resistance was evident the two days after earnings this week, when the shares failed to pierce the 20-day with early rallies. Note that the short call strike of our spread sits above this trendline.
If you agree that the stock will continue its downtrend after an uninspiring earnings report and remain below its 20-day moving average (blue line), consider the following credit spread trade that relies on GIS staying below $67.50 (red line) through expiration in 8 weeks:
Buy to Open the GIS 17 Nov 70 call (GIS231117C70) Sell to Open the GIS 17 Nov 67.5 call (GIS231117C67.5) for a credit of $0.45 (selling a vertical)
This credit is $0.05 less than the mid-point price of the spread at Friday’s $64.82 close. Unless GIS falls sharply at the open on Monday, you should be able to get close to that price.
The commission on this trade should be no more than $1.30 per spread. Each spread would then yield $43.70. This trade reduces your buying power by $200, making your net investment $156.30 per spread ($200 – $43.70). If GIS closes below $67.50 on Nov. 17, the options will expire worthless and your return on the spread would be 28% ($43.70/$156.30).
Making 36% – A Duffer's Guide to Breaking Par in the Market Every Year in Good Years and Bad
This digital book may not improve your golf game, but it might change your financial situation so that you will have more time for the greens and fairways (and sometimes the woods).
Learn why Dr. Allen believes that the 10K Strategy is less risky than owning stocks or mutual funds, and why it is especially appropriate for your IRA.
Options are not suitable for all investors as the special risks inherent to options trading my expose investors to potentially rapid and substantial losses. Please read Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options before investing in options
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